Asia
The five Obangsaek directions — the most disciplined ceremonial palette in East Asia.
Korean traditional color theory codifies the obangsaek (five directional colors): blue (east), red (south), yellow (center), white (west), and black (north). These five hues structure everything from royal silk hanbok to Joseon-era court ceremony to modern saekdong striped patchwork. The everyday domestic palette is more muted — dalbang (pale moon white), eojang (oak grey), sokpaltchi (early-morning blue) — and forms the visual basis of contemporary Korean minimalism.
East — wood element, hanbok dyes
South — fire element, ceremonial silk
Center — earth element, royal robe
West — metal element, hemp linen
North — water element, ink and lacquer
Mulberry-fiber Korean paper
Goryeo Dynasty ceramics, 12th-13th c.
:root {
--obangsaek-blue-cheong: #1e68c1;
--obangsaek-red-hong: #c8242c;
--obangsaek-yellow-hwang: #f2c94c;
--obangsaek-white-baek: #f5f5f2;
--obangsaek-black-heuk: #1f1f1f;
--hanji-cream: #eae0cb;
--celadon-goryeo-green: #7ca38e;
}Japan
Indigo, sumi ink, and unbleached paper — restraint as aesthetics.
India
Saffron, marigold, and the Holi powder spectrum — the most chromatically maximalist national palette.
China (Traditional)
Cinnabar red, imperial yellow, and ink-wash green — five-element color theory across two millennia.
Vietnam
Áo dài silk, lacquer red, and tropical green — Indochinese color culture in saturated form.